采用单个压电传感器的单模式兰姆波激发频率的选择

考虑了压电传感器(PZT)与板之间的耦合作用,从理论上研究了单个压电传感器激发时产生单模式兰姆波的频率调节方法,实验给出了模式选择在兰姆波结构健康监测中的应用. 在板材、板厚以及PZT尺寸一定的情况下,从理论上能够预测到作为频率函数的各兰姆波模式的幅值变化. 根据某特定兰姆波模式的幅值最大而其他模式幅值相对最小时所对应的频率,即可识别出该兰姆波模式优化的激发频率. 数值仿真验证了理论的有效性以及单模式兰姆波选择的可能性. 在不同的激发频率下,分别激发了优化的A0 模式,优化的S0模式以及共存的A0和S0模 关键词： 兰姆波 压电传感器 激发频率 结构健康监测     

Fatigue crack growth model for assessing reliability of box-girders for cable-stayed bridge combining SHMS with strain data

Enhancement of the computer algorithm developed for the Runyang cable-stayed bridge (RYCB) in China is made by incorporating the fatigue crack growth analysis in contrast to the SN curve approach. Strain data obtained from the structural health monitoring system (SHMS) and finite element calculations are used. This provides the application of a deterministic method in addition to the probabilistic approach with the added feature of crack growth. The choice of selecting the two-parameter fatigue crack growth criterion was based on the definition of reliability index β such that the new results can be compared with those using the SN curves. A gradual drop of the reliability index β with time with an upper limit was obtained for the crack growth model in contrast to the linear time relation for the SN curve model that had no upper limit. This difference is significant and reveals the importance for selecting the fatigue failure criterion. Deterministic and probabilistic crack growth models are used to assess the differences. The results are based on the box-girder component strain history data of the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge (RYCB) in China, stress history recorded by structural health monitoring system (SHMS) is analyzed using the monitored stress amplitude, mean stress and stress ratio. Finite element calculations are used to supplement data at locations not accessible for measurements. Additional improvement with reference to damage accumulation and the physical meaning of the reliability index will be studies in relation to the fatigue damage of box-girder of long cable-stayed bridges.     

青洲斜拉桥的基准动力有限元模型

讨论了斜拉桥有限元动力分析模型,给出了基于环境振动试验结果建立大跨度斜拉桥基准有限元模型的步骤;讨论了桥面初始平衡构型、几何非线性、桥面板、混凝土桥面板与钢梁的剪力连接和端部纵向约束对模型的影响。经通车前现场环境振动试验结果验证的青洲闽江斜拉桥三维有限元模型,反映了桥梁在运营前的真实动力行为,可作为该桥各种复杂响应分析和长期健康监测、使用状态评估的基准。     

Structural health monitoring and damage detection using an intelligent parameter varying (IPV) technique

Most structural health monitoring and damage detection strategies utilize dynamic response information to identify the existence, location, and magnitude of damage. Traditional model-based techniques seek to identify parametric changes in a linear dynamic model, while non-model-based techniques focus on changes in the temporal and frequency characteristics of the system response. Because restoring forces in base-excited structures can exhibit highly non-linear characteristics, non-linear model-based approaches may be better suited for reliable health monitoring and damage detection. This paper presents the application of a novel intelligent parameter varying (IPV) modeling and system identification technique, developed by the authors, to detect damage in base-excited structures. This IPV technique overcomes specific limitations of traditional model-based and non-model-based approaches, as demonstrated through comparative simulations with wavelet analysis methods. These simulations confirm the effectiveness of the IPV technique, and show that performance is not compromised by the introduction of realistic structural non-linearities and ground excitation characteristics.     

大型土木结构的结构行为一致多尺度模拟——模拟方法与策略

针对大型土木结构以结构健康监测和损伤评估为目标的有限元分析的需要,从理论上探讨了复杂土木结构的结构行为一致多尺度模拟的方法和策略,指出对于大型复杂土木结构而言,适合考虑局部细节特性的结构行为多尺度建模的策略是:对于有限个需要重点关注的局部细节采用"小尺度"建模,而结构其他部分采用"大尺度"建模.针对目前大型复杂土木结构的建模都是借助于大型商用有限元软件,而现有软件都无法直接做到结构行为一致多尺度模拟,文中引入有限元方法中的子结构方法,从数学描述上对传统子结构方法加以改进,使之适合解决结构行为一致多尺度模拟问题.     

Regulatory use of (Q)SARs in toxicological hazard assessment strategies

In 2001, the European Commission published a policy statement ("White Paper") on future chemicals regulation and risk reduction that proposed the use of non-animal test systems and tailor-made testing approaches, including (Q)SARs, to reduce financial costs and the number of test animals employed. The authors have compiled a database containing data submitted within the EU chemicals notification procedure. From these data, (Q)SARs for the prediction of local irritation/corrosion and/or sensitisation potential were developed and published. These (Q)SARs, together with an expert system supporting their use, will be submitted for official validation and application within regulatory hazard assessment strategies. The main features are: ? two sets of structural alerts for the prediction of skin sensitisation hazard classification as defined by the European risk phrase R43, comprising 15 rules for chemical substructures deemed to be sensitising by direct action with cells or proteins, and three rules for substructures acting indirectly, i.e., requiring biochemical transformation; ? a decision support system (DSS) for the prediction of skin and/or eye lesion potential built from information extracted from our database. This DSS combines SARs defining reactive chemical substructures relevant for local lesions to be classified, and QSARs for the prediction of the absence of such a potential. The role of the BfR database, and (Q)SARs derived from it, in the use of current and future (EU) testing strategies for irritation and sensitisation is discussed.     

地方总教育投资分配的博弈分析

本文采用博弈论研究地方总教育投资分配的模型 ,该模型包含两个地方政府和一个中央政府 ,并分别为地方政府提供决策 .首先 ,描述了基本模型 ,分别给出了地方政府的效用函数 ;接着分析了地方政府同时行动时的总教育投资分配 ,然后分析了地方政府顺序行动时的总教育投资分配 ;最后给出了最优解的算法并举例说明地方政府怎样去做决策     

贵州省保健食品稳定性测试分析及建议

对18种保健食品进行了连续3个月的稳定性测试结果表明,所测产品理化性能稳定,微生物及感官指标合格,并提出了建议。     

缺锌对健康的危害及补锌过程中应注意的问题

系统介绍了微量元素锌与人体健康的关系,阐述了人体缺锌的状况下进行补锌应注意的问题,在临床上有一定的指导意义。     

微量元素硒与人体健康

综述了硒与人体健康的关系,包括：硒与心血管疾病、硒与肿瘤、硒与抗衰老、硒与免疫、硒与肝炎等的关系。